c) The eastern Jewish languages show numerous provides: biggest stress (1), alter out-of [Theta] to at least one (4), reinterpretation regarding verb class because the profile (5), and you can reflexive pronouns based on nos- (17). Speaking of areal have and this period the basic separate ranging from Halabja towards the one-hand and you can Koy Sanjaq and you may Azerbaijan to your almost every other. That isn’t obvious where dialect each originates, however they are most likely borrowed from just one to the others rather than handed down in common.
These three biggest clusters away from isoglosses portray simply a little region of your own evidence which can be brought to sustain towards taxonomy of one’s NENA dialects. Hoberman (1988, 573), using facts off pronouns, shows the clear presence of a north Iraqi dialect class (here portrayed of the Zakho, Tisqopa, and you may Aradhin) which can not be observed based on the minimal studies exhibited here. What is needed now is each other thicker definitions of your languages already noted, to make sure that more widespread and you will pinpointing characteristics is available, and have field work so you’re able to checklist the numerous dialects which can be for the brink from extinction.
step 1 Thank you are caused by people who provided analysis and you may suggestions, for example Gene Gragg, Robert Hoberman, and you may Jo Rubba. Age.H. summer stipend.
Including, f and you may g were employed into the conditions such as for instance etrog ‘citron’ and you may sefer ‘scroll of your own law’, in which from the handed down Aramaic code f will have feel p and you may g would have gone away
step three Garbell (1964, 100-103) claims that the audio system of Jewish Azerbaiaic away from Kurdish. This lady number one evidence because of it is the enunciation out of Hebrew mortgage-terms and conditions within this dialect. Hebrew loanwords into the Jewish Azerbaijani hold specific audio which were deleted otherwise blended with people regarding well-known Neo-Aramaic language. Garbell states why these retentions show that these Hebrew words had been borrowed originally during the Kurdish, and that a small grouping of Kurdish audio system after managed to move on in order to Neo-Aramaic. It appears likely to be that the Hebrew elements in the dialect didn’t be involved in the newest voice alterations in concern on account of the brand new special spiritual register that they belong. They may have even changed and become recovered on the basis of traditional enunciation off surrounding groups.
cuatro An increasing + shows that the next phrase is actually pronounced on suprasegmental function ‘emphasis’ that is receive to some degree throughout NENA languages. Phonetically, importance are advanced, but its first parts is velarization, and it is have a tendency to as a result of the presence of brand new emphatic consonants t and you may s.
eight Regarding dialect off Tyari [Theta] tend to will get s. That it dialect, that has been spoken ahead of 1915 into the a community of Hakkari, is not talked about here just like the material involved is actually lack of.
8 This is simply not clear whether this type can be obtained during the the fresh new Halabja dialect. My informants from there realized it, however, told you it had been much more characteristic of your own nearby city of Suleimaniya. Whatever the case, it’s unknown about dialect of the Jews from Sanandaj.
nine Robert Hoberman suggests to me that the NENA forms could possibly get currently have originated an unattested metathesized e[Theta]strip ezdi.
Boyarin, Daniel. 1981. Within the Bono Homini Donum: Essays into the Historic Linguistics within the Thoughts of J. Alexander Kerns, ed. Yoel L. Arbeitman and you will Allan R. Bomhard. Amsterdam Training from the Theory and whatsyourprice seznamovacà aplikace you will Reputation of Linguistic Technology, series IV. Current Points in Linguistic Idea 16. Region II, 613-forty-two. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
A query into Creation of one’s Middle Aramaic Dialects
Garbell, Irene. 1964. Apartment Words and you will Syllables in Jewish East The fresh Aramaic off Persian Azerbaijan in addition to Continguous Areas (An issue of Multilingualism). Within the Studies when you look at the Egyptology and you may Linguistics in honor of H. J. Polotsky, ed. H. B. Rosen, 86-103. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Neighborhood.